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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous ： ウィキペディア英語版 Effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous The effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous in treating alcoholism is a subject of ongoing interdisciplinary research and debate in a multitude of academic and non-academic contexts. While newer studies have suggested an association between AA attendance and increased abstinence or other positive outcomes, older studies and studies done outside of the United States have not. Experimental studies into the effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) have been based either on results obtained from individuals attending meetings run under the umbrella of the AA organization itself, or from similar twelve-step recovery programs based on the twelve-step approach run externally from the AA organization; generically termed, in this latter case, as ''twelve-step facilitation'' (TSF). Studies of both implementations of the therapeutic model have not yielded conclusive evidence of effectiveness when assessed in terms of long-term prevention of problem drinking as compared with other treatments,〔Emrick, C. (1989). "Alcoholics Anonymous: Membership characteristics and effectiveness as treatment" in ''Recent developments in alcoholism, Vol. 7: Treatment research'' M. Galanter, ed. (1989) New York: Plenum Press, pp. 37-53.〕 although limitations are widely acknowledged in obtaining acceptable data due to the difficulty in applying experimental controls to clinical analyses of AA, such as adequate placebo control and uniformity of the delivered therapy.〔.〕 == Clinical studies == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.